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When do we talk about infertility?

According to the WHO definition, infertility occurs when a couple has been trying to get pregnant for 12 months, having intercourse regularly and without contraception during this time. If a couple notices difficulty getting pregnant, it is worth making an appointment with a specialist who will order the first basic diagnostic tests to identify the cause. A couple should go for the first infertility consultation, because fertility problems affect both women and men trying to get pregnant together, and the reduction in reproductive capacity affects both sexes.
 

When to go to an infertility treatment clinic?

• when you have been unsuccessfully trying to get pregnant for 6 months or longer,

• when you have had miscarriages,

• when you know that you suffer from e.g. PCOS or endometriosis,

• when you want to consult your concerns with a gynecologist specializing in infertility treatment
 

Symptoms of infertility

The most obvious symptom of infertility in women is the absence of pregnancy. However, it is worth paying attention to several other symptoms that may indicate fertility problems.

• irregular menstrual cycles,

• very painful or very heavy periods,

• severe lower abdominal pain and abdominal pain,

• lack of ovulation,

• vaginal discharge and spotting,

•stomach pain.
 

For men, symptoms that may indicate infertility may include:

• erectile dysfunction,

• testicular pain,

• decreased libido,

• pain when urinating,

• smaller volume, different color or consistency of the ejaculate,

• pain during and after intercourse.

 

Any disturbing signals sent by the body should be consulted with a gynecologist.

 

Basic infertility tests

Gynecologist: first consultation

Semen Analysis

Liquid Base Cytology

Genetic consultation before the CGT test
 

Causes of infertility (description woman, man)

We talk about infertility when the partners do not get pregnant after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception. Difficulty in getting pregnant may be caused by a number of factors, the most common of which are certain diseases, hormonal disorders, advanced age or abnormal body weight.
 

In women, the cause of infertility may be:

• endometriosis;

• ovulation disorders;

• obstruction and damage to the fallopian tubes;

• premature termination of ovarian function;

• defect in the uterine cavity;

• genetic disorders;

• problems with carrying the pregnancy to term.
 

In men, the cause of infertility may be:

• prostatic hyperplasia;

• infections of the prostate and other parts of the urogenital system;

• varicose veins of the epididymis;

• erectile dysfunction;

• hypertension;

• systemic diseases such as thyroid diseases (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) or diabetes;

• genetic disorders.
 

In both women and men, one of the causes of difficulties in getting pregnant may be an unhealthy lifestyle. Fertility is adversely affected by unhealthy eating, stress, smoking, the use of stimulants, obesity and lack of exercise.

It is also worth adding that idiopathic infertility of unknown cause may occur in both sexes.

 

What is infertility treatment? What is it, what are the methods

Infertility treatment is a very complex process, requiring thorough diagnosis of the couple. First, a specialist doctor collects a medical history, performs an imaging examination of the woman and orders appropriate tests for the partners, including an examination of the man's semen. Only after initial diagnosis is it possible to diagnose the disease or carry out further tests for diagnosis. After this stage, a specific treatment plan can be introduced.
 

Detailed couple diagnostics.

• Medical history

Medical history is the basis for diagnosis. It is performed by a doctor during the first visit. It is recommended that the couple attend the visit. The doctor will ask, among other things: about previous diseases, previous pregnancies, genetic load in the family. It is worth having medical records with them, if patients have them.

• Examinations of reproductive organs

Physical examination and UGS examination allow to detect all kinds of changes, e.g. polyps, tumors or adhesions.

• Diagnostic tests

During the first visit, the doctor orders a series of fertility tests. Most of them are laboratory tests. For women, this includes, for example, AMH and FSH tests, and for men, also a package of hormonal tests. One of the first and most important tests for men is a semen test. Because of this, it is possible to check the morphology, number and motility of sperm, which provides the doctor with important information about the state of male fertility.

We remember that each case is considered individually. It may happen that the doctor will order additional consultations, e.g. with a dietitian or endocrinologist, or surgical treatment will be required.

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