Glucose

What is glucose?

Glucose is a simple sugar that plays many key roles — it is the main source of energy, especially for the brain, which uses the most of it. Maintaining an appropriate fasting glucose level is essential for proper body function.

After consuming carbohydrates, the body converts them into glucose. With the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, glucose enters the cells where it is used as an energy source. Excess glucose is stored in the form of glycogen.

Who should get a glucose test?

A laboratory blood glucose test is recommended for all adults at least once a year. More frequent testing is recommended for people at higher risk:

• those who are overweight or obese,
• those with a sedentary lifestyle,
• those with unhealthy eating habits,
• those with hypertension,
• those with a family history of diabetes.

Symptoms indicating abnormal blood glucose levels:

• frequent urination,
• increased thirst,
• sudden weight gain or loss,
• increased appetite,
• chronic fatigue and drowsiness.

What does the test diagnose?

High blood glucose levels

Elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) is observed in:

• diabetes,
• pituitary and adrenal gland disorders,
• pancreatic diseases,
• dialysis patients,
• pregnancy.

Low blood glucose levels

Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) occurs with:

• insulin overdose,
• oral antidiabetic medications,
• hormonal insufficiency of the pituitary and adrenal glands,
• inborn metabolic disorders,
• toxic liver damage.

Glucose testing during pregnancy – when to perform it?

Glucose testing is a mandatory part of prenatal care. It helps detect gestational diabetes, which can have serious consequences for both mother and baby.

• Up to the 10th week of pregnancy – fasting glucose test,
• Weeks 24–28 – OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test).

Check: Diabetes Test | Blood Glucose Levels | Medistore

Glucose test – important information

The test involves drawing blood from a vein, which is then sent to the laboratory for analysis. You can perform the test within 3 months from the date of referral. Visit your chosen facility during the working hours of the Sample Collection Point.

Learn more:

• Diabetes | Symptoms, diagnostics, complications
• Hypoglycemia – what it is, symptoms, testing
• What is insulin resistance? Causes, symptoms, tests and treatment

How to Prepare for a Glucose Test?

Preparing for a glucose test is not complicated, but a few key recommendations should be followed:

1. You should take the glucose test on an empty stomach, meaning no food should be consumed for at least 8–14 hours before blood collection.
2. It’s important to stay properly hydrated, but only mineral water should be consumed. Other beverages such as coffee, tea, or sugary drinks should be avoided.
3. You should also avoid intense physical activity, smoking, or drinking alcohol before the test.
4. The blood test is best performed in the morning, between 7:00 and 10:00 AM, to ensure the most reliable results.

Glucose – Reference Ranges

For adults, the normal fasting glucose level is:

• 70–99 mg/dl (3.9–5.5 mmol/l) – normal,
• 100–125 mg/dl (5.6–6.9 mmol/l) – prediabetes,
• ≥126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) – indicates diabetes.

Blood Glucose Levels and Diabetes

Diabetes occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose levels. That’s why glucose testing is essential in diagnosing diabetes. Results indicating hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl) are grounds for a diabetes diagnosis.

Check out: Diabetes Testing | Blood Glucose Levels | Medistore

Glucose Test Results

Glucose test results are interpreted in the context of the patient’s individual medical history and other risk factors. In the case of abnormal results, it is recommended to consult a doctor for a detailed discussion.

Steps to take if the results are abnormal:

• Schedule an appointment to discuss your test results and receive professional advice.
• The doctor may recommend repeating the test or performing additional tests to confirm or rule out a diagnosis.
• If the results confirm diabetes, your doctor will discuss a treatment plan with you, which may include dietary changes, physical activity, and medications.

For more information about receiving test results, click HERE
 

Factors that may affect test results

• diet,
• stress,
• chronic diseases,
• medications.

Which specialists should you consult in case of abnormal results?

• Diabetologist
• Endocrinologist
• Internist
• Cardiologist