Progesterone Test

Progesterone – what kind of hormone is it?

Progesterone is one of the most important female hormones. Measuring its level is used in the diagnosis of infertility. This sex hormone is produced by the ovaries, the corpus luteum, and the adrenal cortex; from the third month of pregnancy it is produced by the placenta, and in men by the testes. Progesterone levels change throughout the menstrual cycle. The highest progesterone concentration is reached approximately 5–7 days after ovulation.

Progesterone plays an important role in the body. Among other functions, it is responsible for preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and for maintaining pregnancy. In addition, assessment of its level helps identify and monitor the causes of infertility and to monitor fetal health and high-risk pregnancies.

What does the test diagnose?

Progesterone belongs to the group of the most important female hormones. Measurement of its concentration is performed to assess ovulation and the course of pregnancy, or to identify the cause of difficulties in becoming pregnant. The test is performed using a venous blood sample.

When should a progesterone test be performed?

High progesterone

Elevated progesterone levels may indicate:

• ovarian cysts,
• tumors of the adrenal glands or ovaries,
• hydatidiform mole,
• excessive progesterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

In some cases, elevated progesterone levels may inhibit the excretion of sodium and chloride ions from the body.

Low progesterone

Reduced progesterone levels usually indicate:

• primary or secondary ovarian insufficiency,
• ovulation disorders,
• amenorrhea,
• ectopic pregnancy,
• miscarriage / fetal demise.

Progesterone deficiency is manifested by irregular menstrual cycles or their absence, as well as intermenstrual bleeding.

What does the progesterone level test involve?

The progesterone test is performed based on a collected blood sample.

• The test involves drawing blood from a vein, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
• The blood draw takes approximately a few to several seconds.
• Improper preparation for the test may result in a result that is not fully reliable.
• The blood sample should be collected in the morning.

Preparation for the progesterone test

The day before the test:

• Avoid heavy and fatty meals and refrain from consuming alcohol for up to 24 hours before the test.
• Refrain from drinking coffee and tea for at least 12 hours prior to blood collection.

On the day of the progesterone test:

• The patient should be fasting, meaning no food intake for approximately 12 hours before the test.
• Drinking a small amount of water in the morning is allowed.
• Whenever possible, blood should be drawn before taking the morning dose of medications, unless otherwise instructed by a doctor.
• Blood collection should be performed in the morning.
• Before the test, the patient should remain at rest for 10–15 minutes (in a seated position).
• Physical activity, even moderate (e.g. walking or climbing stairs), may affect laboratory test results.

Progesterone reference ranges

In women, progesterone levels and the applicable reference ranges vary depending on the phase and day of the menstrual cycle, as well as on physiological conditions such as pregnancy.

Test results

• If results are abnormal, consultation with a physician is recommended for a detailed interpretation.
• Check HERE

Factors that may affect the test result

• use of certain medications,
• pregnancy,
• menstrual cycle.

Who should you consult about abnormal results?

• Endocrinologist
• Gynecologist