Hormon folikulotropowy - FSH

FSH test

The FSH test measures the level of follicle-stimulating hormone in the blood.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Elevated FSH levels are observed in women with primary ovarian insufficiency (including polycystic ovary syndrome) and in men, for example, in Klinefelter syndrome, seminiferous tubule disorders, and impaired spermatogenesis.

Decreased FSH levels in women may occur in cases of:

• secondary ovarian insufficiency due to pituitary dysfunction,
• use of ovulation-inhibiting medications,
• use of sex steroids.

In men, decreased FSH levels are observed in cases of secondary testicular failure.

FSH test – what does it diagnose?

In women, FSH measurement may be an important part of diagnostic evaluation in the following situations:

• menstrual cycle disorders, including amenorrhea,
• assessment of ovarian reserve,
• suspected polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),
• diagnosis of infertility,
• suspected hypogonadism or pituitary dysfunction,
• evaluation of symptoms related to the menopausal transition.

In men, FSH testing is performed, among other purposes, to:

• assess the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis,
• diagnose genetic disorders associated with chromosomal abnormalities,
• monitor testicular dysfunction.

Who should have an FSH test?

FSH testing is particularly recommended in individuals who experience symptoms that may suggest premature ovarian insufficiency, such as:

• irregular menstrual cycles or absence of menstruation,
• long-term difficulty conceiving or infertility,
• hot flashes and night sweats,
• unexplained weight gain,
• pronounced fatigue,
• frequent headaches,
• sleep disturbances, including insomnia.

FSH test – preparation

On the day of the test

Proper preparation is necessary to ensure reliable test results. Incorrect preparation before blood collection may affect the accuracy of the result. The blood draw itself takes several to a dozen seconds, while the entire procedure—including skin disinfection, application of a tourniquet, and pressure at the puncture site—takes a few minutes. The test has no contraindications.

Alcohol should be avoided for 2–3 days prior to the test. At least 12 hours before blood collection, it is recommended to refrain from drinking coffee and tea and to remain fasting, meaning no food intake. In the morning, a small amount of water may be consumed (no more than one glass).

Blood should be collected in the morning hours. Unless otherwise advised by a physician, the test should be performed before taking the morning dose of medications. Immediately before blood collection, a 10–15-minute rest in a seated position is recommended, and stressful situations should be avoided whenever possible.

In menstruating women, it is recommended to perform the test between the 2nd and 5th day of the menstrual cycle, counting from the first day of menstruation.

FSH reference ranges

FSH reference ranges depend on the patient’s sex and age. In women, the assessment of normal levels is also influenced by the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Test results

• The test result is available within 3 working days.
• The result can be collected at the reception desk of the selected medical facility.
• Online access to the result is also available. To do so, an access password must be obtained at the reception desk of the selected facility.

Factors that may affect the test result

• menstrual cycle,
• stress,
• alcohol.

Who should abnormal results be consulted with?

• Endocrinologist
• Internist
• Gynecologist
• Urologist